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[Music]

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now parapsychology is notoriously

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unpopular as a result of that pair of

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psychologists have to keep steadily

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improving the power and quality of their

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experiments the people who are most

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hostile seem to be mainstream

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psychologists but there's been no

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shortage of physicists objecting oh this

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is theoretically impossible it's

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contradictory that would be a lecture in

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itself

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the combination of better experiments

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and relevance to physics has led to

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experiments in parapsychology that can

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test some of our most important physical

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theories starting with the quantum

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measurement problem as which Dean was

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just talking about and in fact this was

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prompted one of my research references

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was the publication of the first

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experiment Dean told us about that he

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presented in 2008 he used a Michelson

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Morley interferometer this illustration

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is a Mach Zehnder interferometer a

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Michelson Morley interferometer is

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basically one of these folded up so that

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the same beam splitter is used for both

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pathways this illustration lets you see

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what's going on more clearly as Dean

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pointed out the interference vanishes if

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something performs a which way

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measurement and the fact that you still

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get the interference if you drop the

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intensity to only one photon at a time

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that literally means one photon has to

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be traveling down both pathways now

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there's a strong illustration of quantum

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weirdness in what's called the elixir

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vitamin bomb test which is more or less

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the ultimate negative measurement you if

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there's something here you you set up

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the interferometer so that the

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interference if it's there forces all of

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the light into one detector the other

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detector doesn't see anything then you

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stick something that may or may not be a

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detector

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it won't interfere you still have

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interference if it is a detector then

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the interference is lost you do the

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experiment you get some photons over

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here that can happen either way then you

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see a photon over here it can't go there

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if there's interference so the fact that

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it's there means that the interference

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is lost that means that there has to be

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a detector in the path except that it

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also means that the photon had to have

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travelled the other path or the because

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if the detector detected it it would

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have stopped it so it's not even

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knowledge really that is usually could

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understood as the source of destroying

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interference it is the possibility of

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making a measurement whether or not a

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measurement was actually made I'm not

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going to bother with Raiden's experiment

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because he already explained it all to

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us now the problem is that beams

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original experiment leads to what I've

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called here the perception paradox the

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presence of equipment break that can

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make up which way measurement breaks

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interference but there's no equipment in

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the Radin experiment it's an empty

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interferometer there's nothing in the

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beam path there's just a remote viewer

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okay pointer doesn't work on white

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screen we already know from many other

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studies that remote viewing can reach

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great distances and look at past and

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future times but if this is so the

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capability for a which way measurement

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using remote viewing is always there so

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how can wantem superposition even exist

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the equipment that breaks it is always

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present we should never have observed it

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in the first place the only way out of

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the paradox at least as far as I've been

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able to see and knowing on this problem

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for three years is that we have to

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redefine the instrument because we do

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know that it

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barometers work and there is such a

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thing as as quantum interference the

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forced conclusion as I see it is that

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the instrument that breaks the

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interference is not the empty space that

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somebody might look at or might not the

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instrument is the act of looking it's

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the remote viewers state of attention

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and that follows that if a remote viewer

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is trying to look at a particular place

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and time

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there is a physically real instrument

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with physically measurable effects

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present at that spot the state of

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attention of a human mind determines

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whether or there is or is not a which

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way instrument present which means that

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attention in itself is a measuring

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instrument in the sense that quantum

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physicists talk about measuring

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instruments and that means that we

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probably need to resolve or extend

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quantum theory in some way to

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accommodate this class of instruments

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and it might let us distinguish among

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the various conflicting interpretations

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of quantum mechanics all of which were

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constructed to match theoretical

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predictions to explain the same set of

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observations but very few if any of them

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were a company constructed with this

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sort of non instrument instrument in

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mind by the designers so moving right

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along to another important physical

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issue and of course Dean also

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anticipated this since one of his

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experiments was retro causal however my

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research material here was the recent

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very controversial publication by Daryl

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BEM the problem of retro causation it

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keeps turning up in physics

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we've had some talked earlier about

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advanced waves that's only one of about

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half a dozen formalisms that end up with

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this odd prediction that the future

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should be influencing the past

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physicists really don't like that and

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the reason is the possibility of time

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paradox a sequence of events that

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contradicts itself basically retro

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causation makes it conceivable

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and could interfere with its own cause

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and prevent itself from happening and

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that gives you the liars paradox

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instantiated in physical reality this

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thing happens if and only if it doesn't

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happen in 1991 some gravitational

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theorists published an analysis of time

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paradoxes in a spacetime with

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traversable wormholes there's the

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reference if you care to look it up

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they found that a simple physical

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mechanism kelp kept self-contradictions

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from happening for any paradoxical

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self-contradictory sequence there exists

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a family of closely similar sequences

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that start from exactly the same initial

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conditions but are not self

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contradictory and don't result in

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paradox I like to summarize it with a

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homey Asian paraphrase after you

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eliminate the possibly impossible

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whatever remains however improbable must

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occur now I'm going to call these

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researchers ekt to save time

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their detailed analysis was based on

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wormholes but the concept involved looks

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like it should be much more general any

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kind of time paradox requires a very

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close orchestration of events in order

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to create the self canceling

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interference perturb any of a number of

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details and you can derail the

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self-contradiction creating a sequence

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that's possible because it's not

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contradictory the final outcome may be

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very odd or improbable according to our

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usual intuitions but if the alternative

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is something impossible

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it becomes favored so here's an example

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of a paradox using only information we

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require nothing more than a retro causal

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signal channel we have a computer that

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can use that channel it's programmed

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that at 10 a.m. it uses the signal to

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send a message to itself at 9:00 a.m. to

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shut down so if it shuts down it can't

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sense it as a signal so it won't get the

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signal and it won't shut down so it will

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send itself the signal and shut down

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preventing itself resign

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same paradox now here are some of the

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ways on ekt mechanism can salvage the

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situation the retro causal channel mace

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fail either sending no signal or sending

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a noisy signal that's misinterpreted the

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computer may receive no shutdown signal

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but suffers an internal error that

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prevents it from sending anything at a

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later time and there are many other

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failure modes possible these are just

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presented as examples ok ah now enter

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dr. BAM

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testing the ekt mechanism requires a

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retro causal information channel the

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only plausible candidate for that right

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now emerges from parapsychological

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studies of precognition presentiment and

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related phenomena the problem is that a

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paradoxical experiment is one that's

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guaranteed to fail the experimental

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design assures that the predictor

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guesses the wrong answer at least that

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was true until Ben's experiment produced

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something that slightly modified Kontest

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ekt this is experiment 1 in the series

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of nine that been published the subject

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is first presented with two curtain

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images I'm tracing along through the

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boxes on at the bottom of the chart

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subject sees two curtains on the screen

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clicks on one to indicate prediction of

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where a picture will appear then the

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system randomly chooses a position and

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the curtains are animated to fly open

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and there's a picture behind one of them

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and a blank wall behind the other the

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BEM experiment interspersed erotic and

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non in erotic targets the enhanced

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accuracy only occurred for erotic

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targets other pictures were predicted

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only with chance accuracy this is the

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feature that lets us test ekt with a

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slight modification BEM already used

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different randomizers in this experiment

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to confirm that his effect was really

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precognition and not PK as

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far as we can tell it was the

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modification involves a slightly more

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complicated randomizer

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but BEM has already shown that the

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randomizer is a black box we can change

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it without changing the experiment

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without having any effect on the

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subjects performance let's add a feature

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of a preferred direction we add another

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randomization and make a random choice

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for a a preferred direction and then

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when the participant makes a choice

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which is in normal chronology the first

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thing that happens in the experiment we

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compare it with the preferred direction

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if it matches the preferred direction we

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proceed as before if it doesn't match

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the preferred direction the erotic

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target is swapped out for a non erotic

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image now the participant doesn't know

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in advance what kind of picture will be

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shown so from the participant point of

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view this looks just like the original

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experiment the new design only allows

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erotic images to appear when the

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prediction matches the preferred

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direction the preferred direction is

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random invisible to the human and has

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nothing to do with where the image

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actually appears so the prediction will

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match the preferred direction 50% of the

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time but if the precognitive channel is

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still 57.6% accurate which is the figure

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that BEM got for selected subjects with

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the erotic images then consider this

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that this table shows some of the

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consequences when the prediction matches

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the preferred then because the channel

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is still accurate

281
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the placement matches the preferred

282
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direction fifty-seven point six percent

283
00:12:58,389 --> 00:12:56,730
of the time if the prediction is

284
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opposite the preferred direction

285
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everything is chance the placement

286
00:13:07,160 --> 00:13:03,270
matches the preferred direction 50% of

287
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the time overall the placement will

288
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match the preferred direction 54 4% of

289
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the time which means that a correlation

290
00:13:18,500 --> 00:13:15,630
between two well-qualified randomizers

291
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has suddenly appeared simply because

292
00:13:23,540 --> 00:13:20,040
we're doing some manipulations with a

293
00:13:26,660 --> 00:13:23,550
retro causal signal channel what is

294
00:13:29,630 --> 00:13:26,670
actually this is a prediction from the

295
00:13:30,319 --> 00:13:29,640
ekt model because basically what's

296
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happening

297
00:13:36,710 --> 00:13:33,179
is that we are now looking at a biased

298
00:13:38,629 --> 00:13:36,720
sample from the randomizers it's all of

299
00:13:41,840 --> 00:13:38,639
the trials that are actually being

300
00:13:43,729 --> 00:13:41,850
generated except that a fraction of

301
00:13:46,220 --> 00:13:43,739
mismatches that would normally pull this

302
00:13:49,220 --> 00:13:46,230
correlation down back down to 50% is

303
00:13:54,979 --> 00:13:49,230
being erased from history by the ekt

304
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mechanism the impossible self

305
00:14:00,669 --> 00:13:56,819
contradictory sequences are raloo

306
00:14:02,689 --> 00:14:00,679
reduced to zero probability a

307
00:14:05,840 --> 00:14:02,699
confirmation of this prediction is

308
00:14:08,660 --> 00:14:05,850
evidence that the ekt effect really is

309
00:14:10,819 --> 00:14:08,670
generalizable to more phenomena than

310
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just wormhole trajectories

311
00:14:16,340 --> 00:14:14,519
whereas a failure of this theoretical

312
00:14:18,619 --> 00:14:16,350
prediction in the modified experiment

313
00:14:20,739 --> 00:14:18,629
would suggest that we need to figure out

314
00:14:22,429 --> 00:14:20,749
some other mechanism that keeps

315
00:14:24,769 --> 00:14:22,439
paradoxes from happening in the

316
00:14:33,019 --> 00:14:24,779
observable world and I think yes I'm

317
00:14:50,050 --> 00:14:33,029
done thank you we have time for

318
00:14:59,920 --> 00:14:55,180
just a remark and and and asked for

319
00:15:02,860 --> 00:14:59,930
response in interacting with Daryl BEM

320
00:15:05,860 --> 00:15:02,870
with regard to his experiment I wondered

321
00:15:08,500 --> 00:15:05,870
whether his his re and anumber

322
00:15:11,380 --> 00:15:08,510
generator was in fact a random number

323
00:15:13,510 --> 00:15:11,390
generator and so I bought one and I

324
00:15:17,530 --> 00:15:13,520
content contacted the factory and it

325
00:15:20,770 --> 00:15:17,540
turns out it's not it's got a 380 byte

326
00:15:24,760 --> 00:15:20,780
buffer in it and Ben was unaware of this

327
00:15:26,650 --> 00:15:24,770
and had not cleared the buffer so he has

328
00:15:29,950 --> 00:15:26,660
not distinguished in his experiments

329
00:15:33,460 --> 00:15:29,960
between clairvoyance and and retro

330
00:15:34,660 --> 00:15:33,470
causation so the the it was a minor part

331
00:15:36,730 --> 00:15:34,670
of his paper but I just thought I would

332
00:15:40,360 --> 00:15:36,740
mention that since you brought up his

333
00:15:43,060 --> 00:15:40,370
works explicitly well yes I was working

334
00:15:45,550 --> 00:15:43,070
specifically from Ben's published report

335
00:15:47,380 --> 00:15:45,560
in which he indicates that he

336
00:15:50,290 --> 00:15:47,390
deliberately used both a pseudo-random

337
00:15:52,750 --> 00:15:50,300
source and a non deterministic noise

338
00:15:56,010 --> 00:15:52,760
source in order to play off the two

339
00:15:59,290 --> 00:15:56,020
possibilities of clairvoyance and pique

340
00:16:02,280 --> 00:15:59,300
against each other because either one of

341
00:16:06,250 --> 00:16:02,290
them would be an alternative in one mode

342
00:16:08,560 --> 00:16:06,260
but if retro causation was not happening

343
00:16:11,830 --> 00:16:08,570
then there would be two different

344
00:16:14,620 --> 00:16:11,840
mechanisms in operating and why should

345
00:16:18,280 --> 00:16:14,630
they have the same effect size exactly

346
00:16:20,530 --> 00:16:18,290
but I can report that that is the the

347
00:16:22,420 --> 00:16:20,540
exact random number generator that he's

348
00:16:27,090 --> 00:16:22,430
using is in fact acting as a

349
00:16:30,250 --> 00:16:27,100
pseudo-random generator as with a lookup

350
00:16:32,620 --> 00:16:30,260
table basically that means in terms of

351
00:16:35,500 --> 00:16:32,630
this theoretical analysis this means

352
00:16:37,720 --> 00:16:35,510
that we have one more stage of testing

353
00:16:39,640 --> 00:16:37,730
which is to see if the BEM experiment

354
00:16:45,310 --> 00:16:39,650
with a true random source actually works

355
00:16:47,260 --> 00:16:45,320
and that we can proceed as before thanks

356
00:16:49,390 --> 00:16:47,270
for raising those questions this is kind

357
00:16:51,640 --> 00:16:49,400
of a general question though Dean made

358
00:16:55,360 --> 00:16:51,650
reference to meditators affecting the

359
00:16:56,920 --> 00:16:55,370
quantum interference slit experiment and

360
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and there was some concern that they

361
00:17:00,610 --> 00:16:58,760
could be in the room and affect it

362
00:17:02,670 --> 00:17:00,620
physically but remote viewers could be

363
00:17:04,620 --> 00:17:02,680
distant

364
00:17:06,180 --> 00:17:04,630
they're really not quite the same thing

365
00:17:07,620 --> 00:17:06,190
is there any evidence that you know

366
00:17:09,150 --> 00:17:07,630
about one way or another that remote

367
00:17:11,040 --> 00:17:09,160
viewers can affect a double slit

368
00:17:14,520 --> 00:17:11,050
experiment the way the meditators did in

369
00:17:16,470 --> 00:17:14,530
teams experiment the meditators oil

370
00:17:19,170 --> 00:17:16,480
actually everybody meditator or non

371
00:17:22,380 --> 00:17:19,180
meditator was in Dean's original

372
00:17:24,360 --> 00:17:22,390
experiment attempting to use remote

373
00:17:27,060 --> 00:17:24,370
viewing whether or not they were trained

374
00:17:29,490 --> 00:17:27,070
remote viewers it's not that difficult a

375
00:17:31,680 --> 00:17:29,500
concept you aim your attention at some

376
00:17:32,550 --> 00:17:31,690
other location and see what's going on

377
00:17:34,650 --> 00:17:32,560
there

378
00:17:37,890 --> 00:17:34,660
granted that training to produce

379
00:17:41,310 --> 00:17:37,900
reliable accurate remote viewing may

380
00:17:43,140 --> 00:17:41,320
require a lot of labour it nevertheless

381
00:17:45,690 --> 00:17:43,150
it's a skill that's easy to describe

382
00:17:48,030 --> 00:17:45,700
right but what I'm wondering is if they

383
00:17:49,740 --> 00:17:48,040
attempted to do that in the future in

384
00:17:51,240 --> 00:17:49,750
the past since the remote viewer can

385
00:17:53,400 --> 00:17:51,250
view up and down the timeline would

386
00:17:54,960 --> 00:17:53,410
there be a different effect versus if

387
00:17:56,400 --> 00:17:54,970
they're in the room at the time and are

388
00:17:59,640 --> 00:17:56,410
attempting to do it in the present do

389
00:18:05,030 --> 00:17:59,650
you think so from our understanding of

390
00:18:11,790 --> 00:18:09,720
so this is a question that addresses

391
00:18:13,500 --> 00:18:11,800
your topic more generally than a rather

392
00:18:19,220 --> 00:18:13,510
than a specific issue that you raised

393
00:18:22,980 --> 00:18:19,230
and that is parapsychology ESP and

394
00:18:25,620 --> 00:18:22,990
quantum mechanics are we not pretty

395
00:18:28,860 --> 00:18:25,630
clearly in a situation where we have

396
00:18:32,250 --> 00:18:28,870
hidden variables and do we not have to

397
00:18:35,450 --> 00:18:32,260
just say clearly bomb or some sort of

398
00:18:39,330 --> 00:18:35,460
approach like that has got to be correct

399
00:18:42,570 --> 00:18:39,340
no I don't think that we are in a

400
00:18:44,820 --> 00:18:42,580
situation that involves hidden variables

401
00:18:46,350 --> 00:18:44,830
and I am saying that only partly because

402
00:18:48,810 --> 00:18:46,360
there are so many plain physics

403
00:18:53,580 --> 00:18:48,820
experiments that refute hidden variables

404
00:18:59,760 --> 00:18:53,590
I think that the existing formalism of

405
00:19:03,450 --> 00:18:59,770
quantum mechanics is adequate to explain

406
00:19:06,180 --> 00:19:03,460
what's going on but that our our minds

407
00:19:11,160 --> 00:19:06,190
and perhaps our brains to the extent

408
00:19:13,620 --> 00:19:11,170
that that those are connected interact

409
00:19:16,130 --> 00:19:13,630
with quantum fields in ways that the

410
00:19:18,830 --> 00:19:16,140
theory doesn't currently

411
00:19:20,970 --> 00:19:18,840
have-have ways to represent properly

412
00:19:26,070 --> 00:19:20,980
since there's nobody else asking a

413
00:19:31,680 --> 00:19:26,080
question I'll argue so hidden variables

414
00:19:35,580 --> 00:19:31,690
have not been ruled out by physics all

415
00:19:39,320 --> 00:19:35,590
we know is that you can't have local

416
00:19:42,660 --> 00:19:39,330
realism right you've either got to have

417
00:19:45,120 --> 00:19:42,670
action at a distance or lack of realism

418
00:19:48,180 --> 00:19:45,130
but if you accept that one of those is

419
00:19:52,440 --> 00:19:48,190
allowed then hidden variables may still

420
00:19:55,470 --> 00:19:52,450
well exist and isn't consciousness

421
00:19:57,560 --> 00:19:55,480
essentially a hidden variable isn't it

422
00:20:01,500 --> 00:19:57,570
isn't our interaction

423
00:20:04,560 --> 00:20:01,510
that thing which takes the randomness of

424
00:20:08,040 --> 00:20:04,570
quantum phenomena and says no it's not

425
00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:08,050
quite random Einstein was right about

426
00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:12,010
God and dice well it's certainly the

427
00:20:17,490 --> 00:20:15,010
case that if you give up locality then

428
00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:17,500
you can keep hidden variables from the

429
00:20:23,430 --> 00:20:20,890
existing experimental results as for

430
00:20:26,970 --> 00:20:23,440
consciousness being a hidden variable I

431
00:20:29,010 --> 00:20:26,980
would object that it's actually the the

432
00:20:30,930 --> 00:20:29,020
most completely non hidden variable

433
00:20:37,440 --> 00:20:30,940
there is it's the one aspect of reality

434
00:20:39,090 --> 00:20:37,450
that we experience directly thanks very

435
00:20:42,030 --> 00:20:39,100
gracious of you I would ask you the

436
00:20:44,610 --> 00:20:42,040
question I was going to ask Dean it

437
00:20:46,740 --> 00:20:44,620
seems if the meditators or the subjects

438
00:20:49,830 --> 00:20:46,750
are given the instruction like to go in

439
00:20:50,970 --> 00:20:49,840
there and and then be present there but

440
00:20:53,550 --> 00:20:50,980
they don't come away with the knowledge

441
00:20:56,820 --> 00:20:53,560
of which slit the photon goes through

442
00:20:58,530 --> 00:20:56,830
correct and if that's correct then what

443
00:21:00,240 --> 00:20:58,540
that shows it's not that the

444
00:21:04,350 --> 00:21:00,250
interference patterns are not caused by

445
00:21:09,600 --> 00:21:04,360
a lack of knowledge we in fact don't

446
00:21:12,510 --> 00:21:09,610
know how much information the meditators

447
00:21:14,310 --> 00:21:12,520
our act are coming away with or the

448
00:21:17,100 --> 00:21:14,320
participants or the remote viewers or

449
00:21:20,220 --> 00:21:17,110
what you whatever you want to call them

450
00:21:23,340 --> 00:21:20,230
they are imagining in their minds eye

451
00:21:27,800 --> 00:21:23,350
that they're seeing photons passed down

452
00:21:29,590 --> 00:21:27,810
a beam path are they actually noting

453
00:21:32,020 --> 00:21:29,600
some of the photon

454
00:21:33,580 --> 00:21:32,030
that that are really passing through we

455
00:21:35,770 --> 00:21:33,590
can't know that because we'd have to put

456
00:21:38,049 --> 00:21:35,780
a physical detector into the beam path

457
00:21:44,470 --> 00:21:38,059
to check on that and that would destroy

458
00:21:46,060 --> 00:21:44,480
the experiment that's the subjective

459
00:21:53,470 --> 00:21:46,070
experience they're supposed to be trying

460
00:21:56,370 --> 00:21:53,480
for yes they're specifically being

461
00:22:00,970 --> 00:21:56,380
instructed a court at least according to

462
00:22:03,700 --> 00:22:00,980
Dean's publication to try to perceive

463
00:22:07,779 --> 00:22:03,710
what's going on in the beam path to try

464
00:22:10,029 --> 00:22:07,789
to see the photons but this experiment

465
00:22:13,510 --> 00:22:10,039
is not one photon at a time right these

466
00:22:15,090 --> 00:22:13,520
a millions per second yes there's a high

467
00:22:18,850 --> 00:22:15,100
throughput and one of my personal

468
00:22:21,130 --> 00:22:18,860
suspicions is that the the the large

469
00:22:24,430 --> 00:22:21,140
number of photons present at any given

470
00:22:26,470 --> 00:22:24,440
time is why the experiment experimental

471
00:22:28,570 --> 00:22:26,480
results indicate a detector with very

472
00:22:30,970 --> 00:22:28,580
low quantum efficiency the human mind

473
00:22:32,830 --> 00:22:30,980
can't process that much at once so we're

474
00:22:35,020 --> 00:22:32,840
only catching a few of them so my

475
00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:35,030
feeling is that it's the presence of

476
00:22:39,549 --> 00:22:37,010
consciousness projected consciousness in

477
00:22:42,010 --> 00:22:39,559
the vicinity there that does the work

478
00:22:48,100 --> 00:22:42,020
not the knowledge of which slit the

479
00:22:53,510 --> 00:22:51,650
would you want to respond um actually I

480
00:22:55,540 --> 00:22:53,520
think that's very close to what I was

481
00:22:58,150 --> 00:22:55,550
saying in slightly different language